Contemporaries in the Holy Roman Empire
Electors of the Palatinate
Philip I the Upright, 1476-1508 Elector (Philipp der Aufrichtige)
Louis V the Pacific, 1508-1544 Elector (Ludwig V. der Friedfertige) Frederick II the Wise, 1544-1556 Elector (Friedrich II. der Weise) Otto-Henry, 1556-1559 Elector (Ottheinrich von Pfalz-Neuburg) Philip I the Warlike, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg (Philipp der Streitbare) and the Palatines with clerical careers Philip, 1498-1541 Bishop of Freising and 1517-41 Bishop of Naumburg George, 1513-1529 Bishop of Speyer Henry IV, Bishop of Worms (1523-52), Utrecht & Freising John III of the Palatinate, 1507-1538 Administrator at Regensburg |
Groschen 1504, Heidelberg Ø 22 mm, 3,05 g. Coll.Noss 201; Coll.Memmesh.2181; Schulten 1661. Obv.: PhILIpus+ᗭOmes+PALatinus+RᗺnI+Princeps+ᗺLEᗭTor "... count Palatine of the Rhine prince elector" Coat of arms of the Palatinate, Bavaria and Regalia shield next to each other, above it crest with a lion. Rev.: ✼DᗺO+GLORIA+In+SᗺVLA+150ጸ "God's glory forever" and date (ጸ=4). Armored bust half-right with Regalia: Curate's hat, sword and orb. |
Reichsguldiner 1525, Heidelberg. Ø 38 mm, 28,78 g. Exter I,29,19 & pl.14b; Dav.9621. Obv.: ¤LVdovicus - ·Dei (Bavarian lozenge shield) Gratia·COmes·PAlatinus (Regalia shield of the Archtruchess Office) Dux·Bavaria·PRinceps (Palatinate lion shield) Elector·1525 Half length effigy in electoral regalia (electoral hat and ermine coat) holding electoral sword on his shoulder with the left hand and orb in the right.
Rev.: ¤ஃMOИeta·CARoli V·CaESar·ET·ROMomanorum·IMPeratorஃ
Nimbed double-headed eagle.
Look at the oil painting, 65x49 cm, Historical Museum of the Palatinate, Speyer.
At the bottom of the picture is a gold inscription on a black background:
"Ludwig Kurfürst Regiert löblich die Pfalztz Sein genn hl (?) ward Sibilis Hörtzögin Aufs Bayrn". See also the portrait, 12.8 x 9.7 cm, made by an anonymous artist, kept at KHM.
Bronze cast medal n. d. (1526), model by Hans Schwarz partially overworked. Ø 44 mm. Habich 200; Stemper 3; Kastenholz zu 86/86C. Obv.: LVDOVVICVS·D·G·CO PA·RHE·D·BA·PRIN·ELEC Bust to the left with a slit hat and a fur cap, the incised date I5Z6 in the field to the right.
Rev.: : Helmet above the shields Palatinate, Bavaria and Regalia. Lion crest and foliage.
On the coiled banner: LV / D WIG·P / ALT / ZGR / AF·CVRFVIRST [arabesque] engraving in German: "Ludwig Pfalzgraf Churfürst".
Cast silver medal 1535, unsigned by Matthes Gebel. Ø 43 mm, 28,40 g. Habich I,2 1121; Stemper 8. Obv.: LVDOVICVS·DEI·GRATIA·COMES·PALATINVS·RHENI·ÆTATIS·SVE·LVII·ANN·AGENS· Rev.: DVX·BAIOARIE·SACRI·ROMANI·IMPERII·ARCHIDAPIER·ELECTORA·ANN·DOMI·MD·XXXV· |
Single-sided medal 1518 by Hans Schwarz. Ø 48 mm. Habich 115; Stemper 17; Kastenholz 24. ❀DVX·FRIDERICVS·PALEN·M·D·XVIII
1/2 Guldiner 1522 (strike from the Guldiner-dies), on the imperial governor dignity. Ø 41mm, 14,75g. Kull 299, Schulten 2732, Mende 27, Dav.9622 (Guldiner), Stemper 19 (Guldiner). Obv.: FRIDERICVS·Dei:Gratia·COmes PALAtinus·RHEni·BAVariae·DVX Bust to the left, in armor with collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Rev.: CAESareae MAIestatis IN (Bavarian diamond shield) IMPERIO:LOCVMTENEN (Palatine lion shield) S·MCCCCCXXII "the imperial majesty imperial governor, 1522"
Double-headed eagle with halos and the Austria-Aragon shield on the breast.
Thaler 1537, Amberg. Ø 40 mm. Dav.9624; Götz 63; Coll.Memmesh.2793. Obv.: +FRIDERICVS·D·G·COMES·PA·RHE·ET·BA·DVX·1537 Rev.: +NON MIC(C take off)HI DomiNE SED - NOMINI(e instead of I) TVO DA GLOriam "Not to me, Lord, but to Your name be honour"
Thaler 1538, Amberg. Ø mm. Dav.A9625; Köhler 4(1788) p.313. Obv.: FRIDERICVS·Dei:Gratia:COMES PAlatinus RHENI BAVAriae·DVX ZC(etc.)❀ Harnish hip portrait from the front between the date 15 - 38. Rev.: DE VVLTV TVO DNE - MEVm PRODEAT IVDICIVm❀ "From your face, Lord, come forth my judgement" Coat of arms Palatinate/Bavaria with princely hat and collar of the Order with the Golden Fleece.
Thaler 1547, Neumarkt. Ø 40 mm, 28,3 g. Götz 165; Schulten 2731; Dav.9626. Obv.: ¤FRIDER·D·G·Comes·PALatinus·RhenI·BAVAriae·DVX·S·R·I·PRI·EL S.R.I.P.EL = Sacri.Romani.Imperii.Princeps.ELector = Elector of the Holy Roman Empire
Rev.: ¤MONEta:ARGEntea:SVPERIOris:PALATInatus:BAVARIae
Hip portrait in electoral regalia with electoral hat, electoral sword and imperial orb as well as Order of the Golden Fleece. "Silver money of the Bavarian Upper Palatinate"
Below the Palatine helmet the three coats of arms: Palatinate (crowned lion) / Bavaria (lozenges) / Electoral Palatinate (orb) between date 15 - 47.
See the portrait 1546, painted by Hans Besser, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Goldgulden n. d., Heidelberg (1545). Ø 40 mm, 3,18 g. Friedb.1990. Obv.: FRIDERICVS·COM·PAL·ELECTOR· - Crowned bust half-right with sword and orb. Rev.: MO NO - AVREA - HEIDE - Four-fielded Palatine-Bavarian coat of arms with orb as central coat of arms, surrounded by the shields of the archbishoprics of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, around a trefoil. |
6 Kreuzer n. d. (1505), Neuburg. 23 mm. Schulten 2756; Coll.Noss II 544. Obv.: +OTTO·hEIИ· - ·PHIILL·COmites·PAlatini·RhEИI· The two Palatine Counts Otto-Henry and Philip as children playing with a lion, above P. Rev.: INFErioris - Z(et)·SVPerioris·B - Avariae·DVCeS - ·ET FRATres· Long cross with four coats of arms: Bavaria (lozenges) and Palatinate (lion).
Bronze medal 1520, model by Hans Schwarz, later cast, Ø 43 mm. Habich I,1 213; Stemper 42; Kastenholz 87. Obv.: OTTHEINRICH·Von·Gottes·Gnaden·PFAlZgraf·Bei·REin·HERCZog·In·BEyern· Bust portrait of the 18-year-old Otto-Henry with beret to the left.
Rev.: ¤ MIT [leaf] DER [leaf] ·AE·ZEYT [leaf] MCCCCCXX "With the date MCCCCCXX"
Quartered Palatinate-Bavarian coat of arms, above 2 intertwined vine leaves.
Single-sided cast lead medal 1527 for the 25th birthday, model by Hans Daucher, Augsburg. Ø 41 mm. 45,88 g. Habich cf.52; Stemper cf.45. OTTOHEN·COmES PAlatini·RhENI·DVX·INFErioris·Et·SVPerIORis·BAVARiae portrait with broad hat to the left, between date 1527 and age 25. This is one side of a medal dedicated to both brothers from 1527.
Bronze medal 1528, on the Concord of the Brothers, model by Matthes Gebel. Ø 36 mm, 28,99 g. Habich I,2 980; Stemper 48. Obv.: OTTO HEN ET PHILIP·FRATRES·COMITES·PALA·RHE·ET·DVCES·BAIOARIEᏪ both bust images, one behind the other to the right. Rev.: CORAM DEO ET HOMInibus·CONCORDIA FRATRum PROBATA EST·M·DXXVIII "The unity of the brothers was invoked by God and men" Two helmets side by side, crowned and decorated with lions, next to them a round quartered coat of arms Palatinate/Bavaria, below a suit of armour and surcoat.
Bronze medal 1528, by Matthes Gebel. Ø 42,5 mm, 31,3 g. Habich 983; Stemper 49. Obv.: OTTOHEN·CO·PA·RHE·DVX·BAIOrum·Z C NAtivitatis·ANno·XXVI· - bareheaded bust right. Rev.: DOMInus·EST QVOD BOnum·EST IN OCVlis·SVIS FACIAT MDXXVIII· "He is the Lord, he does what pleases him. 1530" - Double-helmeted escutcheon Palatinate/Bavaria.
Medal 1530, model by Mathes Gebel. Ø 35 mm. Habich 1049; Stemper 57. Obv.: OTTOHEN CO PA RHE DVX BAIO Z C NA AN XXVI. SVSSANNA COmitissa PALatina RHEni DVCISSa BAIOrum Z C ANno XXVIII NAtivitatis "Otto-Henry, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, etc., in his 26th year. Susanna Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duchess of Bavaria in her 28th year" Busts of the Count Palatine and his wife (Susanna of Brandenburg-Ansbach). Rev.: DOMInus·EST·QVOD BOnum·EST IN OCVlis SVIS FACIAT·M·DXXX· similar as before. Otto-Henry married Susanna, widowed daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich, in 1529.
The marriage remained childless.
Cast Silver medal 1530/1528, model by Mathes Gebel. Ø 20 mm. Habich 1044; Stemper 52; Slg.Wolff 119; Slg.Memm.2827. Obv.: OTTOHEN·CO·PA·RHE - DVX·BAIO·Z·C NAtus·ANno·XXVI· - Bust to the right. Rev.: SALVVM·ME·FAC·DEVS·M·D·XXX "God save me. 1530" Lion to right, holding two coats of arms. Here the age of 26 on the obverse does not match the year 1530 on the reverse.
Cast silver medal 1531, model by M. Gebel. Ø 29,1 mm, 14,04 g. Habich I,2 1050; Stemper 58. Obv.: OTTOHENICVS·DEIGRACIA·CO·PA·RHE - INFERI·SVPE·QZ·BAIO·DVX·ZC· - Bust right. Rev.: ·ETATIS·XXVIIII·M·D·XXXI· "at the age of 28 in the year 1531" Poseidon in a ship pulled by two horses at sea, in the raised right scourge.
Cast silver medal 1531, model by Mathes Gebel. Ø 40,8 mm. Habich I,2 1054; Stemper 59. Obv.: OTTOHENRICVS·DEIGRACIA·CO·PA·RIT - INFERI·SVPER·QZ·BAIO·DVX·ZC· Bust with beret right. Rev.: Spes (personification of hope) holding a sail in the boat, in the section: ·SPES MEA·DEVS· | ·FORTVNAM·EXPEC// | ·TANS·ETATIS· | ·SVE·XXVIIII | MDXXXI "in the hope of God's grace at the age of 29 - 1531"
Cast silver medal 1532, model by Mathes Gebel. Ø 44 mm. Habich I,2 1072, pl.127,2. Specimen in the Coin cabinet of the National Museums in Berlin, displayed in Berlin, Bode-Museum, room 244. Obv.: OTTO HENRICVS·D·GRA·Co·PA·RHE·INFE·SVPQZ·BAIO·DVX·ZC (SVPQZ = Superiorisque) Bearded bust from the front, crowned flat hat, necklace disappearing under the shoulder collar. Rev.: A column with a richly ornamented cartouche containing in a wreath the "Pirckheimer's Allegory", in the corners: SPE/E - TRIBV/LAT/IO - IN/VI/DIA - TO/LERANTIA "Hope - Tribulation - Envy - Patience" At the base of the column 1·5·3·Z, on both sides two putti with horns. See the engraving by Jacob Binck, 1529, 146x83 mm, provided by Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco.
Cast silver medal 1551, by Dietrich Schro. Ø 44,6 mm, 39,28 g. Habich I,2 1697; Stemper 69. Obv.: ✱OTTOHENRICVS.COMES.PALAT.RHE.V.BAIORIE.DVX.ÆTA.XLIX. Bust with flat hat to the left. Rev.: ✱ IN DOMINO CONFIDO· ANNO SALVTIS·M.D.LI. ✱ CVM TEMPORE. Ꮺ "In God I trust. In the year of salvation 1551. All in good time." - Double helmeted coat of arms. Otto-Henry became Elector Palatine in 1556.
Cast silver medal 1558 by Dietrich Schro. Ø 44 mm, 27,9 g. Habich 1706; Stemper 73; Scher 121. Probably on the award of the electoral dignity by Emperor Ferdinand I. Obv.: ✱OTTO HENRICVS·D·G·CO·MES PALATINVS RHENI ELECTOR ÆTATIS·LVI Ꮺ Bearded bust portrait of the 56-year-old corpulent Otto-Henry with decorated clothing and beret half-left. Rev.: ✱IN DOMINO CONFIDO·ANNO·SALVTIS·M·D·LVIII·CVM TEMPORE "In God I trust. In the year of salvation 1558. All in good time."
Three coats of arms - Palatinate, Electoral Palatinate (orb), Bavaria - helmeted with rich helmet covers. A ribbon with: MD - Z (Otto-Henry's motto: "Mit Der Zeit" = "With the Time") The following medal is smaller and bears a different date. Silver medal 1559 by Dietrich Schro (?) Ø 32,5 mm, 12,88 g. Habich I,2 1705; Stemper 74. Obv.: OTTO HENRICVS·D·G·CO M ES PALATINVS RHEN·ELECTOR·ÆTATIS·LVI❀ - similar as before. Rev.: IN DOMINO CONFIDO·ANNO·SALVTIS·M·D·LVIIII·CVM TEMPORE❀ - similar as before.
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Single-sided cast lead medal 1522 on the accession of Philip to the throne, model by H. Daucher. Ø 137 mm, 82.53 g. Habich I, 49; Stemper 84; Köhler Münzbelustigungen, vol.IV, p.25. PHILIppusS·COmES PAlatinus·RENI·DVX·INFErioris·ET·SVPerIORIS·BAVARIaE M·D·XXII "Philip, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Lower and Upper Bavaria, 1522" In the field: NICHTZ VNVERSVCHT (Philip's motto "Nichts unversucht" = "Nothing untried"), Kneeling portrait of Philip to the left in armour with cap, artist's signature ND on the sword.
Single-sided cast silver medal 1527 by Hans Daucher. Ø 51,9 mm. Scher 78. ✱PHILIPpuS·COmES PAlatinus·RENI·DVX·INFErioris· Z[et] ·SVPerIORis·BAVARiae Bust with broad feathered hat between the date 1527 and age 24. This is one side of a medal dedicated to both brothers from 1527.
Cast lead medal 1528, model by Matthes Gebel. Ø 42 mm. Habich 985; Stemper 89; Köhler Münzbelustigungen vol.IV, p.281. Obv.: PHILIPPVS·COmes·PAlatinus·RHEni - DVX·BAIOariae·ZC[=et]·NAtus·ANnos·XXV· - Bust right. Rev.: ECIAMSI OCCIDERIT ME IN IPSO SPERABO MDXXVIII "Surely God will kill me, yet I trust in him. 1528" (Job 13, verse 15). Coat of arms (Palatinate/Bavaria) with two helmets: lion between buffalo horns as well as wings.
Cast silver medal 1541/1535 by Meister des Kardinal Albrecht. Ø 52 mm, 60,60 g. Habich 1840; Stemper 92; Exter II,332,65. Obv.: TE·AMO·VT·PROPRIAM·ANIMAM·AN·M·D·XLI "Ich liebe dich, eigenes Leben, Jahr 1541" Bearded bust with beret, richly embroidered clothing and collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece to the right. Rev.: PHILIPS·VON·GOTS GNADEN·PFALCZGRAF - B·REIN·HERCZOG·I·NIDERN·V·OBERN·BAIRN·S· - Double-helmeted, engraved Palatine-Bavarian coat of arms, surrounded by the collar of the Golden Fleece with the Jewel. Top of the field: NICHTS - VNVER - SVCHT (motto "Nichts unversucht" = "Nothing untried"), between the helmets 1535. Philip had received the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1532.
Cast Silver medal 1541 by Meister des Kardinal Albrecht. Ø 52,5 mm. Habich 1841; Stemper 93 u. S.99; Exter II,332,64. Portrait to the left // Coat of arms now without motto and without date. |
Further four sons of Philip the Upright followed on the clerical career.
Gildet cast medal 1521 (probably by Loy Hering). Ø 52 mm, 45,40 g. Habich 91; Sellier 1. Obv.: PHILIPPVS EPS FRISINGEN PALATINVS RHEN R C XLI ANNVM AGENS HANC EFFIGIEM HABER - Bust to the left with cap and fur-trimmed skirt in arched circle. Rev.: FAC ME SICVT VNVN EX MERCENARIIS TVIS (acorn) MDXXI. Quartered coat of arms Freising (moor's head) / Naumburg (key and sword crossed), quartered central shield Palatine (lion) / Bavaria (lozenges). Compare the gold medal 1521, photo by Sailko for Wikipedia, without any further details.
Gold medal 1526, model by Friedrich Hagenauer. Ø 35,1 mm, 17,59 g. Sellier 5, Habich 448.
Woodcut, 1525-27 by Friedrich Hagenauer, lime wood, 58,5 x 41,3 cm. Berlin, State Museums, Sculpture Collection.
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Single-sided bronze medal 1518 (after 2524) by Hans Schwarz. Ø 46,2 mm. Joseph (Worms) 238; Habich I,1 140 Tf.XXI.1; Stemper 39; Kastenholz 32. HENRICVS·WORmatiae·Et - TRAjectensis·Episcopus·COmes·PAlatinus·REni·ET·BAvariae·DVX·1518 "Henry, Bishop of Worms and Utrecht, Count Palatine on the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria" Portrait to the left with long, straight-cut hair. The bishop wears a fur coat over his lower garment, on his head a flat slit cap.
An even prettier specimen is in the Münzkabinett Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
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6 Kreuzer 1527, Regensburg. Ø 24 mm, 2,7 g. Emmerig/Kozinowski 9 A/a; Schulten 2839. Obv.: ¤IOAN·ADMINISTRATor·RATISBonensis portrait with beret and cloak to the left between date 15 - ZΛ Rev.: OMne·RE - Gnum·IN·S - E·DIV - Isum·DESOlabitur "Every dominion will perish as soon as it is divided up" Long cross, in the angles the coats of arms: Palatinate and Bavaria as well as 2x Diocese of Regensburg.
One-sided medal n. d. (1520/21) by Hans Schwarz. Ø 45 mm. Habich 212, Stemper 40; Kastenholz 92. Recast. The only surviving original has disappeared. IOANNES D G CO PAL RENI DVX BAVA ... illegible, possibly: ADMIN RAT Compare an oil painting c. 1526 by Hans Wertinger [71x47 cm, see Portrait Gallery Bavaria].
Ref.:
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Ref.:
• Annelise Stemper: Die Medaillen der Pfalzgrafen und Kurfürsten bei Rhein. vol.1: Die Kurlinie. Worms 1997. • Habich, Georg: Die deutschen Schaumünzen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. I,1 (1929) & I,2 (1931). Munich. • Wettstreit in Erz - Porträtmedaillen der deutschen Renaissance, deutscherkunstverlag.de Berlin 2013 • Emmerig, Hubert / Kozinowski, Otto: Die Münzen und Medaillen der Regensburger Bischöfe und des Domkapitels seit dem 16. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart 1998. • Werner Gutbrod: Das Pfälzer Wappen - Der Löwe nach links, aber auch nach rechts NNB 1/1995, S.27f, 30-33. • Wolfgang Metzger: Ottheinrich von der Pfalz, Rennaissancefürst - Sammler - Mäzen |
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