![]() Grosso n. d., Rome. Ø 25 mm, 3,45 g. CNI XV p.293 n.64; Muntoni 14. Obv.: ◦SIXTVS◦IIII◦PONTifex◦MAXimus◦VRBE◦RESTituta◦¤ "... on the restoration of the city". bareheaded bust with pluviale to the left. Rev.: ◦PVBLICAE¤· - ·¤VTILITATI◦ "For the benefit of all." In quatrefoil: family crest (oak tree), above crossed keys with strings and tiara with inful. The flowers (¤) in the legend are the mark of the mint master Pier Paolo della Zecca.
![]() Doppio Grosso n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 7,15 g. CNI XV p.293 n.61; Muntoni 13; Berman 450. ◦SIXTVS◦IIII◦PONT◦MAX◦VRBE◦REST◦ // ◦PVBLICAE¤· - ·¤VTILITATI◦ Compare the contemporary painting by Justus van Gent, ca. 1473-75 |
![]() Cast bronze medal by Niccolò Fiorentino (Niccolò di Forzore Spinelli) (1430-1514). Ø 55 mm. Gift from Stephen K. und Janie Woo Scher (2016) zo the Frick Collection, NY. ![]() ◂INNOCENT II◂LANV - ENSIS◂VIII◂PONT◂MAX◂ // ◂IVSTITIA◂ - ◂PAX◂ - ◂COPIA◂
![]() Bronze medal, similar to before, but with his coat of arms. Ø 50 mm. Offer from ebay.de, on sale for 605 EUR (7.4.2023) ![]() ᛫INNOCENT II᛫LANV - ENSIS᛫VIII᛫PONT᛫MAX᛫ // ᛫INGRESSVS᛫SVM᛫IN - INNOCENTIA᛫MEA |
![]() Cast bronze medal (1492) Rome, unknown artist. Ø 46 mm, 45,5 g. Hill(1930) 853; Börner 329; Vannel/Toderi 279-83. Specimen in the VIRTUS Collection ![]() Obv.: ·ALEXANDER· - ·VI·PONT·MAX· - Bust left, with tonsure and pluvial. Rev.: The Pope sits on a pedestal under a canopy, the papal tiara is placed on his head, surrounded by a crowd including prelates, soldiers and a horseman. Exergue: CORONAT.
![]() 3 fiorini di camera 1500, Rome. Ø 33 mm, 10,3 g. CNI XV 309 n.2; Munt.3; Friedb.28a; Lev.VII-9. Obv.: ◦ALEXANDER◦ - ◦VI◦PONT◦MAX◦ The coat of arms of the Borgia with papal insignia in oval quatrefoil. Rev.: ◦IVSTIT◦PACIS◦Q◦CVLT◦AN◦IVBILE◦MD [MD=1500] - bust with pluviale to the left. Commemorative coin of the Jubilee Year 1500, the first dated coin from Rome.
![]() Silver medal 1500, unsigned, by G. Paladino. Ø 45 mm, 40,57 g. Modesti 175 (bronze). On the closure of the Holy Door. Later strike c. 1664. Obv.: ·ALESSANDRO·VI·PONT·MAX· - bust with pluviale to the left. Rev.: RESERAVIT ET CLAVSIT ANN IVB "He opened and closed (the Holy Door) in the jubilee year" The Pope lays the first stone to close the Holy Door, around Cardinals. In the section the date ·M·C·.
![]() Cast silber medal n. d., by succession school of C. di Geremias 1484-1513. Ø 56 mm, 53,13 g. Modesti 175 (in bronze); Bargello 197; Hill 854; Armand II,63,10. Obv.: ALEXANDER·VI·PONT·MAX·IVST·PACIS·Q·CVLTOR· - Tonsured bust with pluviale to the left. Rev.: ·ARCEM IN MOLE DIVI HADR INSTAVR FOSS AC PROPVGNACVLIS MVN Castel Sant'Angelo viewed from the Tiber Bridge. Originally built as a mausoleum for Emperor Hadrian, Castel Sant'Angelo was converted into a fortress under Popes Nicholas V (1447-55) and Alexander VI. It served as a prison for the Inquisition and as
a refuge for Pope Clement VII during the "Sacco di Roma" in 1527. Compare the posthumous painting |
![]() Doppio fiorino di camera n. d., Rome. Ø 26 mm, 6,60 g. CNI XV p.318 n.3; Muntoni 4; Friedb.36. double florin from the papal treasury ('di camera')
Obv.: ·IVLIVS·II·LIGVR· - ·P·M· "Julius II, the Ligurian Pontifex Maximus."
bust tonsured to the right, slung Pluviale with two figures. Rev.: ◦ NAVIS·AETERNAE·SALVTIS "Ship of eternal salvation" In the boat: St. Peter with fishing net and St. Paul at the rudder.
![]() Giulio (?) n. d., Bologna. Ø 27 mm, 3,82 g. CNI X p.64 n.56; Muntoni 96. Obv.: ·IVLIVS·II·P - ONTIFEX·MΛXIMVS - tonsured bust to the right. Rev.: S·P·BONO· - NIΛ·DOCET· "St. Petronius, Bologna teaches" Bologna city saint St. Petronius enthroned with crook and model of the city. Below the coat of arms of the city of Bologna (3 lilies / cross). The die engraver has spared the use of its own punch for the letter A.
![]() Doppio giulio n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 7,72 g. CNI XV p.324 n.46; Muntoni 19; Berman 565. Obv.: ♣IVLIVS◦II◦PONTIFEX◦MAXIMVS Tonsured bust to left, pluviale adorned with oak leaves, buckle with the heads of the two apostles. Rev.: ◦+◦PAX RO - MANA◦+◦ "Roman peace" (see below) quatrefoil with family crest (oak tree with leaves and acorns), above Petris crossed keys and tiara with inful.
![]() Giulio n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 3,87 g. CNI XV p.324 n.47; Muntoni 24. Obv.: (oak branch with acorn and two leaves) IVLIVS◦II◦PONTIFEX◦MAXIMVS Bare-headed and draped bust to right, wearing robes ornamented with oak leaves. Rev.: LVMINARIA◦VERAE◦FIDEI◦Ψ / ROMA "Lights of true faith" Sts. Peter and Paul embracing each other; at bottom to right, Fugger sign Ψ◦.
![]() Giulio n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 3,87 g. CNI XV p.324 no.50; Munt.24; Berm.569. Obv.: աIVLIVS◦II◦POMTIFEX◦MAMAXIMVS - Bust to the right. Rev.: FVNDATORI¤ECCLESIAE / ROMA - St. Peter seated frontally with keys and book. Below the keys trident as sign of the Fuggers from Augsburg, who controlled the Roman mint.
![]() Bronze medal 1506 by Cristoforo Caradosso Foppa. Ø 59 mm, 57,85 g. Modesti 321. Released on the ceremony for the start of construction of the new Vatican basilica on April 18, 1506. Obv: IVLIVSᕁLIGVRᕁPAPAᕁSECVNDVSᕁMCCCCCVIᏪ - Bust to the right with decorated pluvial. Rev.: TEMPLIᕁPETRIᕁINSTAVRACIO - ᕁVATICANVSᕁMᕁ Exterior of the new Vatican basilica according to the first design by Donato Bramante: large central dome surrounded by smaler domes, two towers and the choir end, like on the medal of Bramante.
![]() Medal c.1508. Ø 30 mm, 11,36 g. Armand II 111,14; Pollard 204; Spink 437. Stuck bronze commemorating the fortification of Civitavecchia. Engraver: Pier Maria Serbaldi. Obv.: ▴IVLII▴II▴ARCIS▴FVN-DAT▴ "Julius II Founder of the Fortress" - Bust to the left. Rev.: CIVITA VECHIA - The walls of fort Michelangelo in Civitavecchia as seen from the harbour.
![]() Silver medal c.1508. Ø 32 mm, 17.67 g. Specimen in the Coin Cabinet, Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart ![]() IVLIVS·LIGVR·PAPA·SECVNDVS· // ·PORTVS·CENTVM·CELLÆ· With the old name of the port city: Centumcellae.
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![]() 2 ½ Ducati papali n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 8,69 g. CNI XV p.349 n.1; Muntoni 1; Friedb.43. Obv.: LEO·X·PONTIFEX·MAXIMVS· - tonsured bust to the left. Rev.: LVX·VERA - IN·TENEBRIS·LVCET "The light of truth shines in the darkness" The Three Wise Kings on horseback with gifts to the left, directed from comet. Exergue: •ROMA• / Trident (sign of the bank Fugger, leaseholder of the mint). The Fugger-mark allows the dating to the first two years of the pontificate. Compare the contemporary paintings made by Raphael 1518-19 ![]() Quarto di ducato, Rome. Ø 33 mm, 9,76 g. CNI XV p.355 n.54; Muntoni 18/1; Berman 636. This is not a Testone of 3 Giulio, a later nominal, but a 1/4 Ducato worth 2½ Giulio. Obv.: ◦LEO◦DECIMVS◦PONTIF◦MAXIMVSஃ - tonsured bust left. Rev.: ·PACEM·MEAM(Ψ⃚) - DO·VOBIS·· "My peace I give to you" The sign Ψ⃚ - a Trident with circle - represents Fugger as mint master. Standing Christ with Cross blesses the kneeling Apostles, forward Peter with keys. Exergue: ·ROMA·
![]() Mezzo bianco (?), Bologna. Ø 27 mm, 3,55 g. CNI X p.74 n.21; Muntoni 111; Berman 692. This coin is too light to be a Bianco. Obv.: LEO·X·PONTIFEX·MΛXIMVS· - tonsured bust right. Rev.: BONONIΛ·MΛTER·STVDIORVM - rising lion with fluttering flag stepes left, At the edge the coat of arms of Cardinal Giulio de Medici with cardinal's hat above.
![]() Giulio 1515, Parma. Ø 27 mm, 3,77 g. CNI IX p.413 n.4, pl.27/16; Muntoni 131-135. Obv.: LEO⚛X⚛PON⚛⚛MAX⚛ - tonsured bust with pluviale to the left. Rev.: DOMINVS - PARMAE - Medici coat of arms beneath of crossed keys and triple tiara with inful. The date 1515 next to the coat of arms.
![]() Giulio n. d., Parma. Ø 27 mm, 3,82 g. CNI IX p.413 n.5; Muntoni 136; MIR 693/3. Obv.: LEO⚛X⚛PON⚛⚛MAX⚛ - Bust with tonsure to the left and pluviale. Rev.: DOMINVS - PARMAE - Medici coat of arms under crossed keys as before, but without date.
![]() Giulio n. d., Bologna. Ø 26 mm, 3,46 g. CNI IX p.66 n.79. Specimen in Collezione di Vittorio Emanuele III, BdN-Materiali 20 (2014) p.53. Obv.: LEO⚛X⚛PON⚛⚛MAX⚛ - Bust with tonsure to the left and pluviale. Rev.: DOMINVS - PARMAE - Medici coat of arms under crossed keys as before, but without date.
![]() Ducato n. d., Bologna. Ø 23 mm, 3,38 g. CNI X p.70 n.2; Friedb.-. Specimen in Collezione di Vittorio Emanuele III, BdN-Materiali 20 (2014) p.114. Obv.: + LEO·X·PONTIFEX - ·MAXIMVS· - Bust with pluvial to the left Rev.: BONON - IA - ·DOCET St. Peter between the coats of arms of Cardinal Legate Giulio de' Medici (with hat) and the city (cross).
![]() Ducato n.d., Modena. Ø 23 mm, 3,41 g. CNI IX p.195 n.4; Muntoni 130; Friedb.404. Obv.: ·LEO·X·PONTIFEX - ·MAXIMVS· Rev.: ·S·GEMINI⚛; - ⚛MVT·PONT·I· The city saint thrones with city model, at his feet the Medici coat of arms with cardinal hat and cords.
![]() Giulio n. d., Ancona. Ø 28 mm, 3,68 g. CNI IX 47; Muntoni 72; Berman 671. Obv.: ·LEO·DECIMVS - PONTI·MAX· / MARC - View of the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome; below, lion crouching to left, holding a globe between his forepaws. Rev.: ·PETRE - ·ECCE· - TEMPLVM· - ·TVVM· "Behold, Peter, here is your temple" Pope Leo X kneeling to right, presenting a model of St. Peter's to St. Peter, on the right, seated facing but turned slightly to the left; below, arms of Cardinal Armellini.
![]() Giulio n. d., Rome. Ø 28 mm, 3,73 g. Muntoni 25; Berman 643. As before, but 'RO - MA' instead of 'MARC'. |
Outsider in Rome, the Dutch Pope Adrian VI, 1522-1523
![]() Ducato, Modena. Ø 23 mm, 3,42 g. CNI IX p.197 n.1; Muntoni 111; Berman 882; Friedb.406. Obv.: ◦CLEMENS◦VII◦PONT◦MAX◦(branch) Beardless bust with pluvial to the left; on the breast a medallion with the heads of Peter and Paul. Rev.: ◦S◦GEMinianus◦MVT - INENsis◦EPiscopuS◦ "St. Geminianus, bishop of Modena (lat. Mutina)" Modena city saint St. Geminianus thrones with blessing hand, crosier and mitra. Below two coats of arms: Cardinal Salviati (Medici / Salviati with hat over it) and Modena (cross).
![]() Giulio, Modena. Ø 27 mm, 3,90 g. CNI IX p.198 n.12; Muntoni 112; Berman 884. Obv.: ·CLEMENS·VII·PONT·MAX· - beardless bust with decorated pluvial. Rev.: ·MVTIN - ENSES· "from Modena" Medici coat of arms (6 pills) between the emblems of Cardinal Salviati and the city of Modena (cross); above the papal insignia.
![]() Doppio carlino, Rome. Ø 28 mm, 5,50 g. CNI XV 386/61; Muntoni 44; Berman 841. Dies from Benvenuto Cellini. Obv.: (branch) CLEMENS·VII·PONTifex·MAXimus Bar-headed bust, pluvial ornamented with tendrils. Rev.: x QVARE - DVBITASTI "Why did you doubt?" says Jesus to Peter. Jesus walks over the water and lifts Peter, half-sunken, over the waves. The x (crossed paws?) at the shoulder of Peter is the mintmark of Giacomo Balducci.
![]() Quarto di ducato (1525), Rome. Ø 31 mm, 9,72 g. CNI XV p.379 n.28; Munt.28; Berm.837. CNI calls this coin a triple Giulio. (1 ducato = 12 giulio) Obv.: ·CLEMENS·VII·PONTIFEX·MAX· - Beardless effigy with pluviale to the left. Rev.: closed Holy Door between statues of Saints Peter and Paul in niches. Exergue: ·IVSTI·INTRA / RVNT·IN / ·EAM· = Iusti Intrabunt Per Eam "The righteous will enter through it"
![]() Quarto di ducato, Rome. Ø 32 mm, 8,80 g. CNI XV p.385 n.56; Muntoni 29.1; Berman 838. Obv.: ·CLEMENS·VII·PONTIF·MAX· - short-bearded bust simply dressed to the left. Rev.: ·MISIT·Domin·ANGelum·SVVM· - ·LIBERAV· - ·ME "The Lord has sent his angel and set me free" - St. Peter freed from an angel.
![]() Giglio, Rome. Ø 28 mm, 3,79 g. CNI XV p.385 n.56; Muntoni 48; Berman 843. Obv.: ·CLEMENS·VII· - PONT·MAX· - Bearded bust left, pluvial decorated with two figures. Rev.: ·MISIT·DOMIN - ANGelum SVVM "The Lord has sent his angle" St. Peter freed from an angel. Exergue: ROMA & crossed paws, the mint mark of Giacomo Balducci. Compare the contemporary paintings by Sebastiano del Piombo about 1531 ![]() Giulio, Bologna. Ø 27 mm, 4,08 g. CNI X S.80 Nr.32; Munt.107; Berm.877. ·CLEM·VII·PONT·MAX // ·BONONIA·MATER·STVDIORVM·
![]() Giulio n. d., Parma. Ø 27 mm, 3,32 g. CNI IX p.428 no.6; Muntoni 118; Berman 843. Obv.: ·CLEMENS·VII·PONTI·MAX - beardless bust with pluvial to the right. Rev.: PARMAe· - ·DOMINVs "Lord of Parma" - Medici coat of arms (6 pills) between the arms of Cardinal Salviati and of the city of Parma (cross), above papal insignia.
![]() Ducato papale, Piacenza. Ø 20 mm, 3,40 g. Munt.122; Berm.892; Friedb.421. Obv.: CLEMENS·VII·P·M·PLAC·D· - Bust left, wearing ornate cope. Rev.: S·ANTONINV - CVSTOS "St. Antoninus guardian" St. Antoninus with banner, on a prancing horse to the right; below the coat of arms of the Salviati.
![]() Cast silver medal (1531) Rome. Ø 34 mm, 19,06 g. Modesti (2003) 273, Toderi/Vannel 2038. Specimen in the Coin Cabinet, Landesmuseum Würtemberg, Stuttgart ![]() On the reinstatement of the Medici in Florence, 1531. Obv.: CLEMens VII PONTifex MAXimus - Bust to the right. Rev.: EGO SVM IOSEPHus FRATER VESTER "I am Joseph, your brother" (from Genesis 37-50: And he said to them: Come near unto me. And when they had come to him, he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt.) - The Medici Pope is enthroned as Joseph before his Florentine people, who turn to him after the successful imperial siege of Florence in 1530. At its seat the Medici coat of arms. |
![]() Doppio fiorino di camera, Rome. Dies by Leone Leoni. Ø 25 mm, 6,84 g. CNI XV p.405 n.37; Muntoni 2; Friedb.62. Obv.: PAVLVS III PONT MAX - Bearded bust to the left; pluvial with a saint image. Rev.: ·SANCTVS·PETRVS - (mk) - ALMA·ROMA - St. Peter with net on the boat. (mk) = mark (crossed paws?) of mint master Giacomo Balducci.
![]() Testone anno XII, Rome. Ø 29 mm, 9,88 g. CNI XV - [see: p.400 n.1-7]; Muntoni 33var; Berman 907var. Obv.: ·PAVLVS·III·PONT·MAX - Effigy with pluvial; behind: mint master's mark; below:·AN·XII· Rev.: ·TV AVTEM IDEM IPSE ES· "But you remain as you are" [Psalm 101:28] Jesus stands on a pedestal between six scholars (Pharisees). Exergue: ·ALMA ROMA· / ·(lion head)·.
![]() Bianco n. d., Bologna. Ø 30 mm, ca.5,4 g. CNI X p.87 n.22ff; Muntoni 103. Obv.: ·PΛVLVS·III·PONT·MΛX· - effigy with decorated pluvial to the right. There are many variants for the decoration of the pluvial - rosettes, arabesques and foliage. Rev.: ·BONONIΛ·MΛTER·STVDIORVM· "Bologna, mother of scientific activity" Rising lion with waving banner, here without cardinal's coat of arms. The engraver of Bologna came out without a own punch for the letter A, as seen above.
![]() 2/3 Paolo n. d., Bologna. Ø 27 mm, 3,7 g. CNI X p.89 n.40; Muntoni 105. This coin is too light to be considered a Paolo. Obv.: ·PAVLVS·III·PONT·MAX· - Effigy to the right in the decorated pluvial. Rev.: ·BONONIA· - ·DOCET· "Bologna teaches." Coat of arms of the city of Bologna (3 lilies, cross and "LIBERTAS") decorated with lilies and foliage at the top and bottom. Compare the contemporary paintings by Tizian, about 1543 ![]() Paolo da soldi 15, Piacenza. Ø 32 mm, 5,3 g. CNI X p.581 n.15. Specimen from Collezione di Vittorio Emanuele III, BdN-Materiali 51 (2017) p.58. Obv.: ▴PAVLVS▴III[...]PONT▴MAX▴ - Bust to the right with pluviale. Rev.: +PLACENTIA[...]ROMANOR’▴COLONIA - Coat of arms of Piacenza with she-wolf and dice. |
![]() Fiorino di camera, A. II, Rome. Ø 18 mm, 3,38 g. CNI XV p.429 n.42; Muntoni 1; Friedb.66. IVLIVS·III·Pontifex·Maximus·ANno·II // ·Sanctus·PETRVS·ALma·Roma
![]() Giulio, Anno II, Rome. Ø 28 mm, 3,24 g. CNI XV p.430 n.55; Muntoni 16; Berm.992.. Obv.: ·IVLIVS·III - ·P·M·Anno·II - Bust with tonsure and Pluvial to the left. Rev.: OMNIA·TVTA· - ·VIDES / ROMA "He sees everything" Roma as a legionary in armor sits to the left on a rock and holds a laurel wreath. At the foot the mint master sign A‡C (Bartolomeo Canobio).
![]() Bianco, Bologna n. d. Ø 30 mm, 5,17 g. CNI X p.93 no.6; Muntoni 66. Obv.: ·IVLIVS·III·PONT·MAX· - Bust with tonsure and Pluvial to the right. Rev.: ·BONONIA·MATER·STVDIORVM· - Lion rampant to left, holding banner.
![]() Doppio bolognino, Bologna. Ø 20 mm, 1,88 g. CNI X p.95 n.25; Muntoni 71; Berman 1023. Obv.: ·IVLIVS·III·PONT·MAX· - Brust to the right. On the Pluvial a medallion with "3 mountains" from the coat of arms of the del Monte family. Rev.: ·S·PETRONI - VS·DE·BOnonia - · - Standing St. Petronius with crumple bar and city model.
![]() 1/4 Ducato AN III (1552/53), Rome. Ø 28 mm, 7,96 g. CNI XV p.431 n.66; Muntoni 7; Berm.986. Obv.: IVLIVS·III - PONT·M·AN·III - effigy with tiara and pluvial to the right. Rev.: In the laurel wreath: GENS ET / REGNVM / QVOD NON / SERVIERIT / TIBI / PERIBIT "People and kingdom who do not serve you shall perish" below: mint masters sign AC.
![]() Medal 1554, Rome. Ø 48 mm, 46,54 g. Lawrence 96; Eimer 31b (this piece); MI 70/15. by Giovanni da Cavino, on the return of England to the Catholic Church under Queen Mary Obv.: IVLIVS TERTIVS - ·PONT·MAX·A·V· Rev.: ANGLIA RESVRGES "England, may you rise again ..." The Pope shakes hands with kneeling personification of England; behind her lie bow and quiver. Cardinal Pole and emperor Charles V behind them. On the right Philip II and Queen Mary face to face. Exergue: VT NVNC / NOVISSIMO / DIE "... now as on the Last day"
Look at the oil painting
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![]() Bianco n. d., Bologna. Ø 29 mm, 4,88 g. CNI X p.99 n.8; Muntoni 49; Berman 1048. Obv.: ·PAVLVS·IIII·PONT·MAX· - Bust right with decorated pluvial. Rev.: ·BONONIA·MATER·STVDIORVM "Bologna, mother of scientific activity"
![]() Due terzi di paolo, Bologna. Ø 27 mm, 3,20 g. Muntoni 50. Obv.: ·PAVLVS·IIII·PONT·MAX· - Bust right with decorated pluvial. Rev.: ·BONONIA· - ·DOCET· "Bologna teaches" - arms of the city of Bologna with "LIBERTAS".
![]() Bronze medal, An V. Ø 24 mm, 6,61 g. Mazio 81; Lincoln 580. Obv.: ·PAVLVS·IIII·PONT·MAX·AN·V· - Bust right with decorated pluvial. Rev.: BEATI·QVI·CVSTODIVNT·VIAS·MEAS "Blessed are they who guard my ways" (Psalm 17:22) Draped and haloed bust Jesus left. - Die crack on reverse. Compare the woodcut ![]() Bronze medal. Ø 25 mm, 8,04 g. Modesti 483; Spink 579. Obv.: as before. Rev.: Christ drives the merchants out of the temple. In the section: DOMVS·MEA / DOM·O·.
![]() Bronze medal n. d. Ø 32 mm, 25,18 g. Armand II, p.216, 14; Modesti 479; Spink 571. Specimen in the Coin Cabinet, Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart ![]() Restitution medal after dies by Gianfederico Bonzagni. On Papal aid for the Romans who were suffering from hunger due to the floods of the Tiber and the constant wars. Obv.: ·PAVLVS IIII· - ·PONT·OPT·M· - Bust to the right with calotte and bonnet. Rev: ROM - A - ·RESVRGENS· "Rome rises up again" personification of Rome with shield and spear standing between weapons. |
Ref.:
• Muntoni, Francesco: Le monete dei papi e degli Stati Pontifici, 4 vol.: vol.1: da Adriano I a Paolo VI (772-1559). Roma, 1972-73 • Berman, Allen: Papal Coins, Attic Books, New York, 1991 • Friedberg, A. & I.: Cold Coins of the World, 8th ed. (2009) • Corpus Nummorum Italicorum [CNI], Indici vol. I-XX : Rome (vol.XV), Bologna (vol.X), Modena (vol.IX), ... • Levinson, R.: The Early Dated Coins of Europe, 1234-1500, 2007. _ Google excerpt ![]() • Armand, A.: Les Médailleurs Italiens des quinzième et seizième sècles, vol. I&II, Paris 1883 • Modesti, A. (2002): Corpus numismatum omnium Romanorum pontificum, vol.1: Da San Pietro a Adriano VI (1523) |